航天医学与医学工程

目的 对比分析快速制动工况下两型不同质量、质心的现役头盔对飞行员颈部的生物学影响，为飞行员头盔工效学改进设计提供新思路。方法 利用HyperMesh 14.0软件建立头颈部、头盔以及束缚系统有限元模型，采用有限元仿真法研究飞行员佩戴不同头盔进行快速制动时的颈部生物学效应。结果 佩戴Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型头盔后，各椎骨、椎间盘承受最大应力的变化趋势、出现时刻和出现位置基本一致。C3以上椎骨最大应力在佩戴Ⅰ型头盔时较小，C3以下椎骨最大应力在佩戴Ⅱ型头盔时较小。C2～C3椎间盘在佩戴Ⅰ型头盔时承受应力较小，C2～C3以下椎间盘在佩戴Ⅱ型头盔时承受应力较小。佩戴Ⅰ型头盔的韧带伸长率和最大颈部损伤指标N_ij值都较大。结论 在快速制动工况下，佩戴Ⅰ型头盔后颈部所受生物学影响较大。

Objective To compare and analyze the biological effects of two types of helmets, which have different masses and centroids, on the neck of pilots under rapid braking condition, and provide new ideas for improving the ergonomic design of helmets for pilots. Methods A finite element model of the head, neck, helmet, and restraint system was established using Hyper Mesh 14.0 software. Finite element simulation was used to study the neck biological effects of pilots wearing different helmets for rapid braking. Results After wearing TypeⅠand TypeⅡhelmets, the trend, occurrence time, and location of the maximum stress borne by each vertebra and intervertebral disc are basically consistent. The maximum stress on the vertebrae above C3 is smaller when wearing a TypeⅠ helmet, while the maximum stress on the vertebrae below C3 is smaller when wearing a Type II helmet. The maximum stress on the C2～C3 intervertebral disc is relatively small when wearing a TypeⅠhelmet, while the intervertebral discs below it are relatively small when wearing a TypeⅡhelmet. The ligament elongation rate and maximum neck injury index N_ij of wearing TypeⅠhelmets are both relatively high. Conclusion TypeⅠhelmet has a significant biological impact on the neck of pilots during rapid braking.