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核酸适配体是经过指数富集配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)筛选得到的能与金属离子、小分子、生物大分子,甚至整个细胞高专一性和亲和性结合的ssDNA或RNA分子。核酸适配体不仅具备抗体分子的识别特性,凡是涉及抗体的诊断领域,几乎都可以用核酸适配体来代替,而且还具备自己独特的优异性能,所以对核酸适配体的研究引起了许多科学家的关注。本文介绍了核酸适配体及其相关筛选技术(SELEX),综述了核酸适配体近年来在治疗新药、药物运输、癌细胞检测、生物成像、生物标志物的发现、毒品检测、抗病毒等生物医学领域中的应用,最后对核酸适配体在生物医学上的应用前景进行了展望。
Abstract：Aptamers are oligonucleotides( ssDNA or RNA) that can bind with high affinity and specificity to a wide range of target molecules,such as ions,molecular and even cells through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment( SELEX) technique. In almost all the diagnostic fields using antibody,the aptamers can be used to replace the antibody. Aptamers not only have the molecular recognition properties of antibodies,but also show unique merits itself,so the aptamers have attracted the attention of many scientists recently. In this paper,the aptamers and traditional selection approaches were introduced and the application of aptamers in the new drug,drug delivery,bio-imaging,cancer diagnosis,biomarker discovery,drug detection and antiviral were reviewed. Finally,the application prospect of aptamers in biomedicine was discussed.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2013.06.011
中图分类号:R341
引用信息:
[1]满燕,吕雪飞,张玉奎等.核酸适配体及其在生物医学研究中的应用[J].航天医学与医学工程,2013,26(06):485-490.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2013.06.011.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(21275019);; 国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项课题(2012YQ04014004);国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项课题(2012YQ04014005)资助