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目的 太空低压环境下开展体力作业任务是航天员面临的主要生理挑战之一。本研究探究典型体力作业对人体各节段的局部热生理影响，深入分析低压环境下的作业任务对人体作业能力的影响机制，为面向人体局部热生理和整体作业能力的航天服温控设计提供理论依据。方法 本研究在低压复合环境模拟舱中开展了两种典型体力作业试验，包括负重15 kg徒步和25 kg重物搬运。将模拟舱设置为试验高度4500 m，即约57 kPa压力；温度26℃，湿度40%。选取6名未经历低压习服的成年男性，环境稳定后采集作业全程的12点皮肤温度，并对各局部温度数据进行统计分析。结果 低压环境下，身体相同部位对不同工况下体力作业时间的响应存在差异。在行走作业中，主要活动部位大腿和小腿的温度均有所下降，且除骨盆和足部外，其余身体部位的温度随着试验进程逐渐降低；在搬运作业中，主要活动部位背部、大臂肌肉的温度明显上升。而在同一作业类型中，身体各部位温度随体力作业的时间响应变化而不同。结论 航天员在低压环境下完成不同类型的作业任务会对身体局部的热生理产生不同影响。因此，在航天服温控设计中，除了考虑不同作业的基本强度以及人体代谢的差异，还应根据作业类型和具体产热部位调节局部的加热制冷量，从而实现航天服针对性智能热控制，提升特定作业场景中的作业保障水平。
Abstract：Objective Performing physical tasks in the low-pressure environment of space poses a significant physiological challenge for astronauts. This study investigates the localized thermophysiological effects of typical physical tasks on different body segments and analyzes the mechanisms by which low-pressure environments influence human task performance. The findings aim to provide a theoretical basis for the thermal control design of spacesuits,focusing on both localized thermoregulation and overall task performance. Methods Two typical physical tasks—15 kg weighted walking and 25 kg load-carrying—were conducted in a simulated low-pressure composite environment chamber. The chamber was set to an altitude-equivalent pressure of 57 kPa(4500 m), with a temperature of 26℃ and humidity of 40%. Six non-acclimatized adult male participants were recruited. After environmental stabilization,12-point skin temperatures were recorded throughout the tasks, and localized temperature data were statistically analyzed. Results Under low-pressure conditions, different body regions exhibited distinct thermal responses over time depending on the task type, while the same body region showed varied responses under different task conditions.During walking, temperatures in the primary active regions(thighs and calves) decreased, with most other body regions(except the pelvis and feet) gradually cooling as the task progressed. In contrast, during load-carrying, temperatures in the primary active regions(back and upper arm muscles) increased significantly. Conclusion Astronauts performing different tasks in low-pressure environments experience distinct localized thermophysiological effects. Therefore,spacesuit thermal control systems should not only account for task intensity and metabolic differences but also adapt localized heating/cooling based on task-specific thermal profiles. This approach enables targeted intelligent thermal regulation, enhancing operational support in specific mission scenarios.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.02004
中图分类号:V527;R852
引用信息:
[1]张晴,聂嘉辰,孙超等.低压环境下典型体力作业对人体局部热生理影响的研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2025,36(02):107-111.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.02004.
基金信息: