| 18 | 0 | 10 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
随着航空技术的迅速发展，飞行员能否顺利且安全飞行备受瞩目，提高飞行员的应急逃生能力是每一位航空工作者的责任。而飞行员弹射跳伞损伤是飞行安全中的一个重要问题，在弹射跳伞过程中，飞行员会承受多种冲击力和气动力的作用，这些作用力会对飞行员的脊柱、神经系统、血液循环系统以及全身多个部位造成损伤，甚至危及生命。本文重点探讨飞行员陆上弹射跳伞的损伤特点，分别按损伤部位和损伤因素进行分类总结，并且分析其防护策略，有针对性地对飞行员进行不同批次的地面弹射模拟训练，以提高部队战斗力。
Abstract：With the rapid development of aviation technology, the ability of pilots to fly successfully and safely has attracted much attention. Improving pilots' emergency evacuation capabilities is the responsibility of every aviation worker. The injury caused by pilot parachute jumping is an important issue in flight safety. During the parachute jumping process, the pilot will be subjected to various impact forces and aerodynamic forces, which can cause damage to the pilot's spine, nervous system, circulatory system, and multiple parts of the body, and even endanger lift. This article focuses on exploring the characteristics of pilot ejection parachute injuries, categorizing and summarizing them according to the location and factors of the injuries, and analyzing their protective strategies. Targeted ground ejection simulation training is conducted for pilots in different batches to improve the combat effectiveness of the armies.
[1]刘选民.国外现代战斗机飞行事故[M].北京：航空工业出版社，2011:1-3.
[2]冯志杰，宋亚丽，王海云，等.飞机弹射座椅椅载设备载荷谱获取方法研究[J].航空科学技术，2019,30(11):62-68.
[3]冯星，谭率.两级弹射筒与三级弹射筒座椅性能的对比分析[J].航空科学技术，2018,29(12):1-7.
[4]Ata N, Tazgan E. Analysis of the pilots’ decisions to eject in F-16fighter aircraft accidents in Turkey[J]. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 2022, 8(1):91-97.
[5]Lewis ME. Survivability and injuries from use of rocket-assisted ejection seats:analysis of 232 cases[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2006, 77(9):936-943.
[6]Epstein D, Markovitz E, Nakdimon I, et al. Injuries associated with the use of ejection seats:A systematic review, meta-analysis and the experience of the israeli air force, 1990—2019[J]. Injury, 2020, 51(7):1489-1496.
[7]杨桂通.医学生物力学[M].北京：科学出版社，1994:121-132.
[8]Yacavone DW, Bason R, Borowsky MS. Through the canopy glass:a comparism of injuries in naval aviation ejections through the canopy and after canopy jettison, 1977 to 1990[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1992,63(4):262-266.
[9]Newman DG. The ejection experience of the Royal Australian Air Force:1951-92[J].Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1995,669(1):45-49.
[10]Sridhar MS, Joshi VV, Biswal P. Analysis of ejection injury of spine in aviators[J]. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2019, 8(1):40-43.
[11]Manen O, Clément J, Bisconte S, et al. Spine injuries related to high-performance aircraft ejections:a 9-year retrospective study[J].Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2014,85(1):66-70.
[12]裴卉宁，陈允峰，白仲航，等.弹射救生过程飞行员胸腰椎高负荷损伤分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报，2025,51(1):102-112.
[13]谢晓文，费英俊，张晶晶，等.飞行员颈椎康复操的研究进展[J].中国疗养医学，2022,31(5):492-494.
[14]宋润滋，索双富，刘跃，等.飞行员头颈部防护装置展开性能实验研究[J].机械科学与技术，2020,39(6):960-965.
[15]Song RZ, Liu Y. Experimental study on the performance of pilot head and neck protective devices[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology,2020, 39(6):960-965.
[16]封文春.航空应急救生系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2014.
[17]吴明磊，马春生，刘威，等.弹射时装显示器头盔对人体的生物动力学效应[J].中华航空航天医学杂志，2005,16(4):267-271.
[18]Chen DH, Wang JJ, Wu WH, et al. Ejection seat test techniques in a high-speed wind tunne[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2006, 43(5):1593-1596.
[19]柳松杨.高G载荷下飞行员颈部的损伤及防护[J].航天医学与医学工程，1998,11(4):310-312.
[20]刘润田.脊柱外科学[M].天津：天津科学技术出版社，1981.
[21]Crooks L. Long term effects of ejecting from aircraft[J]. Aerospace Medicine, 1970, 41(7):803-804.
[22]Eveland ES, Esken B, Shouse N, et al. Neck muscle fatigue resulting from prolonged wear of weighted helmets under high G acceleration[R/OL].（2008-06-19）[2024-08-15].https://www.dtic.mil.
[23]刘春杰，刘子轩，陈小强，等.紧急弹射时G值载荷及头盔对颈部损伤的影响[J].天津理工大学学报，2024,40(2):127-135.
[24]滕育英.应急弹射中的头、颈损伤[J].国外医学：军事医学分册，1990(2):59-63.
[25]滕育英.应急弹射中头、颈部气流吹袭损伤与防护[J].航天医学与医学工程，1992(4):302-307.
[26]谢雄，刘印，田迎军.战时飞行员弹射跳伞损伤特点及救生[J].实用医药杂志，2006(7):871-872.
[27]陈琦.头盔弹射出舱遭遇气流冲击过程的数值模拟研究[J].空气动力学学报，2018,36(5):757-762.
[28]徐振炀，胡永成，叶金铎，等.股骨三维有限元模型的建模方法[J].天津理工大学学报，2015,31(5):51-56.
[29]孟丽娜，董黎敏，张兰凤，等.人工椎间盘的研制及其有限元模型的应力分析[J].天津理工大学学报，2013,29(5):34-39.
[30]从红，柳松杨，刘力.穿盖弹射时人体头、膝部的冲击限值[J].中华航空航天医学杂志，1998,9(1):12.
[31]孟宪志，吴桂云，潘维恩，等.冲击性过载致飞行员重度损伤及成功弹射一例[J].中华航空航天医学杂志，2012,23(4):294.
[32]刘铁汉.航空生物动力学[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社，1989:160-162.
[33]陆惠良.军事飞行事故研究[M].北京：北京国防工业出版社，2003.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.03012
中图分类号:V323;R852
引用信息:
[1]江妍,柳松杨,刘何庆等.飞行员陆上弹射跳伞损伤特点及防护策略分析[J].航天医学与医学工程,2025,36(03):255-258.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.03012.
基金信息: