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目的 准确的速度感知对于人控交会对接、空间机械臂遥操作等任务的完成至关重要，因此，有必要开展在轨实验探究长期空间飞行对人速度感知特性的影响。方法 选取碰撞时间估计范式（TTC范式）开发实验软件，使用平板电脑进行刺激呈现，通过受试者在键盘上的按键反应数据来评估人的速度感知特性。通过地基实验，探究范式的可用性、可靠性，并量化分析重力内模型效应；通过空间站任务在轨实验，进一步考察长期空间飞行对人速度感知特性的影响。结果 在地面1G环境下，TTC范式具有高重测信度（r>0.8），且平均偏差率、平均偏差率绝对值无练习效应。此外，地面实验发现相对于竖直向上的运动，竖直向下的运动被估计得更快（即按键时间提前），提示存在重力内模型效应。在空间飞行微重力环境下，平均偏差率、平均偏差率绝对值在3个阶段（飞行前、中、后)、7次测试间差异均不显著，表明在现有测试时间点及测试范式中未发现航天员速度感知能力的明显变化。然而，重力内模型效应（竖直向下与竖直向上的差异）在航天员入轨初期有消退的趋势。结论 基于计算机屏幕的TTC估计范式，未发现长期空间飞行中人速度感知能力的显著变化，但微重力可能会减弱人脑重力内模型。
Abstract：Objective Accurate speed perception is crucial for tasks such as man-controlled rendezvous and docking,and teleoperation of space manipulator. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-orbit experiments to explore the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics. Methods The Time-to-Collision(TTC)paradigm was selected to develop experimental software, using a tablet computer for stimulus presentation. Human speed perception characteristics were evaluated based on the subjects' keystroke response data on the keyboard. Through ground-based experiments, the usability and reliability of the paradigm were explored, and the gravity internal model effect was quantitatively analyzed. Through in-orbit experiments on space station tasks, the influence of long-term spaceflight on human speed perception characteristics was further investigated. Results Under the 1G environment on the ground, the TTC paradigm has a high test-retest reliability(r >0.8), and indicators such as average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate show no practice effect. In addition, ground experiments found that compared to vertical upward movement, vertical downward movement is estimated to be faster(i.e., keystroke time is advanced), showing the existence of the gravity internal model effect. In the microgravity environment of spaceflight,there are no significant differences in average deviation rate and absolute value of average deviation rate among three stages(pre-flight, in-flight, post-flight) and seven tests, indicating that no obvious changes in astronauts' speed perception ability were found at the existing test time points and paradigms. However, the gravity internal model effect(difference between vertical downward and vertical upward) showed a trend of fading in the early stage of astronauts entering orbit.Conclusion Based on the computer screen TTC estimation paradigm, no significant changes in human speed perception ability were found during long-term spaceflight, but microgravity may weaken the human brain's gravity internal model.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.01002
中图分类号:R852
引用信息:
[1]王笃明,张欣琦,田雨等.长期空间飞行对人速度感知特性的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程,2025,36(01):7-14.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.01002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划（2023YFF1203900,2023YFF1203905）; 空间站工程航天医学实验项目（HYZHXM03001）; 浙江省教育厅一般科研项目（Y202457121）