航天医学与医学工程

目的 随着未来载人航天任务不断向地外行星及深空探测方向发展，出舱活动愈加频繁，任务场景更为复杂，对舱外服的工效提出了更高的要求。为保证人员着服后的活动工效，服装在四肢部位多采用软式关节及大角度、低阻力关节结构设计，确保舱外服活动性。方法 针对舱外服典型关节结构，建立一种舱外服关节结构设计方法，进行关节活动特性分析。综合梳理目前舱外服的活动关节结构特征与活动特点，基于经验方法定性分析不同典型结构的活动特性；针对典型结构，建立有限元模型开展结构动力学分析，研究舱外服关节活动阻力矩随活动角度的变化趋势，定量获得活动特性曲线；根据不同结构尺寸参数，进行参数化建模分析，研究结构参数变化对活动特性影响，通过获取系列曲线为舱外服活动关节结构设计提供依据。结果 定性获得不同典型关节结构活动特性，针对典型结构定量分析不同结构参数对关节活动特性的影响，为舱外服关节结构的设计建立了方法和依据。结论 基于有限元方法的关节活动特性分析方法适用于舱外服典型关节结构设计。

Objective With the development of manned space missions to the moon and space exploration,extravehicular activities become more frequent and extravehicular mission become more complex, which puts forward higher requirements for the extravehicular spacesuit. In order to ensure the ergonomics of spacesuit, the flexible joints are usually adopted in the limbs of spacesuit. The structural design of large angle of movement and low resistance joints is the basic for ensuring the ergonomics of spacesuit. Methods This study established a method of spacesuit joint structure to analysis the motion characteristic of typical joints. Firstly, the structure and activity characteristics of the spacesuit and lunar space suits were comprehensively analyzed, and the activity characteristics of different typical structure are qualitatively analyzed based on existing empirical method. Then, the dynamics of typical structure was analyzed by finite element model. By studying the change trend of motion of spacesuit joint with motion angle, and the motion characteristic curve was obtained. Finally, the model was studied according to different structural size parameters. The influence of structural parameters on the motion characteristics was analyzed, and the curves was obtained to provide a basis for design of spacesuit motion joint structure. Results Through the above analysis, the motion characteristics of different typical structure are obtained qualitatively. And the influence of different structure parameters on the motion characteristics was analyzed. This establishes the method basis for structure design.Conclusion The study was carried out a method based on finite element model for joint motion analysis, which is suitable for the design of typical joint structure of spacesuit.