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目的 睡眠是维持正常认知功能的重要生理过程，但随着现代社会节奏的加快和工作压力的增加，睡眠剥夺已成为一种普遍现象。研究表明，睡眠剥夺会对工作记忆等高级认知功能造成干扰，但其具体影响机制尚不明确。本研究旨在通过行为学和事件相关电位（ERP）技术，系统探讨36 h睡眠剥夺对工作记忆加工链各阶段的影响及其神经机制。方法 采用随机对照实验设计，招募48名健康成年受试者，随机分配至睡眠剥夺组和对照组。所有受试者完成2-back语音工作记忆任务，并在0 h和36 h分别采集行为学数据（反应时和正确率）以及ERP数据（P2、N2和P3成分波幅）。通过方差分析评估睡眠剥夺对工作记忆行为表现和神经电生理指标的影响。结果 行为学结果表明，睡眠剥夺组在36 h后反应时显著延长，但正确率未显著下降，表明反应效率降低，但准确性保持稳定。ERP结果显示，P2波幅在睡眠剥夺前后无显著变化，表明早期感知与分类阶段受睡眠剥夺影响有限；而N2和P3波幅在睡眠剥夺后显著下降，表明冲突监控和资源分配等后期认知加工受到显著干扰。结论 本研究通过ERP技术揭示了36 h睡眠剥夺对工作记忆加工链的阶段性影响。早期感知与分类阶段可能由于加工相对自动化，且对认知资源的需求较低，不容易受到睡眠剥夺的影响。而在认知加工后期阶段，尤其是在冲突监控和资源分配等高级认知功能上，睡眠剥夺对大脑前额叶区域的干扰显著影响了这些复杂任务的执行效率。这一发现深化了对睡眠剥夺影响机制的理解，并为高压职业群体的认知干预和管理策略提供了科学依据。未来研究可进一步结合多模态技术探讨睡眠剥夺的长期效应及其神经机制。
Abstract：Objective Sleep is an important physiological process for maintaining normal cognitive functions, but with the accelerated pace and increased work pressure in modern society, sleep deprivation has become a common phenomenon. It has been shown that sleep deprivation interferes with higher cognitive functions such as working memory, but the specific mechanism of its effect is still not completely clear. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effects of 36 hours of sleep deprivation on the stages of the working memory processing chain and its neural mechanisms through behavioral and event-related potential(ERP) techniques. Methods Using a randomized controlled experimental design, 48 healthy adult subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to sleep deprivation and control groups. All subjects completed a 2-back phonological working memory task, and behavioral data(response time and correctness) and ERP data(P2, N2, and P3 component wave amplitudes) were collected at 0 and 36 hours, respectively. The effects of sleep deprivation on working memory behavioral performance and neurophysiological indices were assessed by ANOVA. Results Behavioral results showed that the sleep deprivation group had a significantly longer response time after 36 hours, but no significant decrease in correctness, indicating a decrease in response efficiency but stable accuracy. ERP results showed that P2 amplitude did not change significantly before and after sleep deprivation, indicating that the early perception and categorization stages were limitedly affected by sleep deprivation; whereas, N2 and P3 amplitudes decreased significantly after sleep deprivation, reflecting that later cognitive processing such as conflict monitoring and resource allocation and other late cognitive processing were significantly disturbed. Conclusion Through ERP technology, this study uncovers the phased impact of 36-hour sleep deprivation on the working memory processing chain. The study found that early perceptual and categorization stages may be less susceptible to the effects of sleep deprivation, likely due to their relatively automatic processing and lower demand for cognitive resources. In contrast, during later stages of cognitive processing, particularly in higherorder functions such as conflict monitoring and resource allocation, sleep deprivation significantly impaired task performance efficiency by disrupting prefrontal cortex function. This finding deepens the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of sleep deprivation and provides a scientific basis for cognitive intervention and management strategies in high-stress occupational groups. Future studies can further explore the long-term effects of sleep deprivation and its neural mechanisms by combining multimodal techniques.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.03007
中图分类号:R740
引用信息:
[1]曹维维,杜长伟,徐琳等.睡眠剥夺对工作记忆加工链的干扰：来自ERP的证据[J].航天医学与医学工程,2025,36(03):230-235.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2025.03007.
基金信息: