航天医学与医学工程

目的 比较两种缺氧耐力检查与体验方法对生理机能和认知能力的影响，为选择合适的缺氧耐力训练方法提供参考。方法 筛选7名青年男性志愿者，以空军军医大学学员为主，平均年龄20.5岁，分别采用载人低压舱与低氧混合气吸入进行急性高空缺氧暴露，采集志愿者血氧饱和度、心率、血压以及神经机能数据。结果 两种缺氧暴露均会导致志愿者血氧饱和度降低，心率和血压代偿性升高，认知能力下降。其中3 000 m缺氧暴露15 min后血氧饱和度稳定在90%水平，心率稳定在80次/min;5 000 m缺氧暴露15 min后血氧饱和度稳定在80%水平，低压缺氧心率稳定在90次/min，常压缺氧心率稳定在85次/min。血压在缺氧过程中有升高趋势但变化不明显。3 000 m缺氧暴露对工作能力影响较小，其中缺氧2 h后心算、图形记忆和曲线吻合能力值显著降低（P<0.05）;5 000 min缺氧暴露对工作能力影响较大，在缺氧2 h后5项神经机能检测项目的能力值均显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 两种缺氧暴露方式均导致志愿者的血氧饱和度降低，心率和血压代偿性升高。常压缺氧训练和低压缺氧训练，在生理和认知能力等指标上无明显差异；但二者各有优势，可根据训练环境选择合适的方法，以更好地完成高空生理训练与研究工作。

Objective To compare the effects of two hypoxia endurance tests and experiences on physiological functions and cognitive abilities, and to provide a reference for choosing appropriate hypoxia endurance training methods. Methods Seven male participants, mainly students of this school, with a mean age of 20.5 years, were subjected to acute high-altitude hypoxia via exposure to a hypobaric chamber and a hypoxic gas mixture. Data on blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and neurological function were systematically collected. Results Both hypoxic exposures resulted in a decrease in oxygen saturation, a compensatory increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and a decline in cognitive ability. After 15 minutes of hypoxia at 3000 m, the blood oxygen saturation was stable at 90%, and the heart rate was stable at 80 times per minute; after 15 minutes of hypoxia at 5000 m, the blood oxygen saturation was stable at 80%, the heart rate of hypobaric hypoxia was stabilized at 90 times per minute, and the heart rate of normobaric hypoxia was stabilized at 85 times per minute. Blood pressure had a tendency to increase during hypoxia, but the change was not obvious. Hypoxia exposure at 3000 m had little effect on work ability, and the values of mental arithmetic, graph memory and curve matching ability decreased significantly after two hours of hypoxia(P<0.05); hypoxia exposure at 5000 m had greater effect on work ability, and the values of five neurological function tests decreased significantly after two hours of hypoxia(P<0.05). Conclusion Both types of hypoxic exposure led to decreased blood oxygen saturation and corresponding increases in heart rate and blood pressure as compensatory mechanisms. There were no significant differences in physiological and cognitive performance between normobaric hypoxia training and hypobaric hypoxia training. Each method possesses distinct advantages, and the appropriate approach can be selected based on the specific training environment to optimize the high-altitude physiological training for pilots.