| 63 | 0 | 13 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
随着人类深空探索任务的深入，航天员长期处于太空环境中，面临的昼夜节律紊乱问题日益严峻。昼夜节律由视交叉上核主导，主要通过转录-翻译反馈环路，并受表观遗传和代谢等多层次调控维持稳态。然而，太空环境中的微重力、非24 h光暗周期（如低地球轨道1个周期约90 min）及密闭隔离等因素均可能导致节律失调。研究表明，昼夜节律紊乱与航天员睡眠障碍、认知及情绪失衡、免疫力下降及代谢综合征风险密切相关。当前干预措施包括药物干预、光照疗法、营养调控及运动调节等。未来研究聚焦于多维生物节律调控技术，这些突破不仅为深空探索提供保障，其“地球溢出效应”也有望革新轮班综合征、睡眠障碍及癌症等疾病的治疗策略，凸显太空医学研究的跨学科价值。
Abstract：With the advancement of human deep-space exploration missions, astronauts increasingly face severe disruptions to their circadian rhythms while enduring prolonged exposure to space environments. Circadian rhythms are primarily regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) through a transcription-translation feedback loop, along with multilayered modulation involving epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. However, microgravity, non-24-hour light-dark cycles(e.g., the 90-minute orbital period in low Earth orbit), and confined isolation in space may collectively contribute to circadian desynchronization. Studies indicate that circadian disruption is significantly associated with sleep disturbances, cognitive and emotional dysregulation, immune suppression, and an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome in astronauts. Current countermeasures include pharmacological interventions, light therapy, nutritional modulation, and physical exercise. Future research will focus on multidimensional biological rhythm regulation technologies. These advancements will not only support deep-space exploration but also demonstrate a "terrestrial spillover effect", potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms for shift-work disorder, sleep disorders, and even cancer, which certainly underscore the interdisciplinary value of space medicine research.
[1]BELL-PEDERSEN D, CASSONE VM, EARNEST DJ, et al. Circadian rhythms from multiple oscillators:lessons from diverse organisms[J].Nat Rev Genet, 2005,6(7):544-556. DOI:10.1038/nrg1633.
[2]DUNLAP JC. Molecular bases for circadian clocks[J]. Cell,1999,96(2):271-290. DOI:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80566-8.
[3]KING DP, TAKAHASHI JS. Molecular genetics of circadian rhythms in mammals[J]. Annu Rev Neurosci, 2000,23:713-742. DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.713.
[4]OKAMURA H. Clock genes in cell clocks:roles, actions,and mysteries[J]. J Biol Rhythms, 2004,19(5):388-399. DOI:10.1177/0748730404269169.
[5]LIU AC, WELSH DK, KO CH, et al. Intercellular coupling confers robustness against mutations in the SCN circadian clock network[J].Cell, 2007,129(3):605-616. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.047.
[6]DECOURSEY PJ, WALKER JK, SMITH SA. A circadian pacemaker in free-living chipmunks:essential for survival?[J]. J Comp Physiol A,2000,186(2):169-180. DOI:10.1007/s003590050017.
[7]DECOURSEY PJ. Survival value of suprachiasmatic nuclei(SCN)in four wild sciurid rodents[J]. Behav Neurosci, 2014,128(3):240-249.DOI:10.1037/a0036696.
[8]LEVI F, SCHIBLER U. Circadian rhythms:mechanisms and therapeutic implications[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 2007,47:593-628. DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105208.
[9]MOHAWK JA, GREEN CB, TAKAHASHI JS. Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals[J]. Annu Rev Neurosci, 2012,35:445-462.DOI:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128.
[10]PARTCH CL, GREEN CB, TAKAHASHI JS. Molecular architecture of the mammalian circadian clock[J]. Trends Cell Biol, 2014,24(2):90-99. DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.07.002.
[11]LI W, WANG Z, CAO J, et al. Perfecting the life clock:the journey from PTO to TTFL[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023,24(3):2402. DOI:10.3390/ijms24032402.
[12]ARYAL RP, KWAK PB, TAMAYO AG, et al. Macromolecular assemblies of the mammalian circadian clock[J]. Mol Cell, 2017,67(5):770-782. DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.017.
[13]ETCHEGARAY JP, LEE C, WADE PA, et al. Rhythmic histone acetylation underlies transcription in the mammalian circadian clock[J].Nature, 2003,421(6919):177-182. DOI:10.1038/nature01314.
[14]JIANG H, WANG X, MA J, et al. The fine-tuned crosstalk between lysine acetylation and the circadian rhythm[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech, 2023,1866(3):194958. DOI:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194958.
[15]SAAD L, ZWILLER J, KALSBEEK A, et al. Epigenetic regulation of circadian clocks and its involvement in drug addiction[J]. Genes,2021,12(8):1263. DOI:10.3390/genes12081263.
[16]ASHTON A, FOSTER RG, JAGANNATH A. Photic entrainment of the circadian system[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022,23(2):729. DOI:10.3390/ijms23020729.
[17]BEGEMANN K, NEUMANN AM, OSTER H. Regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in the Brain[J]. Acta Physiologica,2020,229(1):e13446. DOI:10.1111/apha.13446.
[18]REPPERT SM, WEAVER DR. Coordination of circadian timing in mammals[J]. Nature, 2002,418(6901):935-941. DOI:10.1038/nature00965.
[19]ROENNEBERG T, KUMAR CJ, MERROW M. The human circadian clock entrains to sun time[J]. Curr Biol, 2007,17(2):R44-R45. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.011.
[20]FOSTER RG. Shedding light on the biological clock[J]. Neuron,1998,20(5):829-832. DOI:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80464-x.
[21]GUO J, GAN X, MA H. Time in space:advances in the study of circadian rhythms under microgravity[J]. Chin J Space Sci,2021,41(1):145. DOI:10. 11728/cjss2021.01.145.
[22]徐水红,闫利,马爱军,等.航天特因环境影响及有关选拔训练项目和模拟方法[J].航天器环境工程, 2019, 36(1):1-6. DOI:10.12126/see.2019.01.001.
[23]TRAON APL, HEER M, NARICI MV, et al. From space to earth:advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies(1986-2006)[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2007,101(2):143-194. DOI:10.1007/s00421-007-0474-z.
[24]GUO JH, QU WM, CHEN SG, et al. Keeping the right time in space:importance of circadian clock and sleep for physiology and performance of astronauts[J]. Mil Med Res, 2014,1:23. DOI:10.1186/2054-9369-1-23.
[25]LAWLEY JS, PETERSEN LG, HOWDEN EJ, et al. Effect of gravity and microgravity on intracranial pressure[J]. J Physiol, 2017,595(6):2115-2127. DOI:10.1113/JP273557.
[26]CLÉMENT G, RESCHKE MF. Neuroscience in space[M/OL].(2008-03-22)[2024-07-04]. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-0-387-78950-7.
[27]ARCHER SN, MÖLLER-LEVET C, BONMATÍ-CARRIÓN M-Á,et al. Extensive dynamic changes in the human transcriptome and its circadian organization during prolonged bed rest[J]. Iscience,2024,27(3):109331. DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109331.
[28]ZHU H, ZHANG L, QIAN M, et al. Microgravity versus microgravity and irradiation:investigating the change of neuroendocrine-immune system and the antagonistic effect of traditional chinese medicine formula[J]. BioMed Research International, 2020,2020(1):2641324.DOI:10.1155/2020/2641324.
[29]ZANELLO SB, NGUYEN A, THERIOT CA. Retinal non-visual photoreception in space[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2013,84(12):1277-1280. DOI:10.3357/asem.3762.2013.
[30]WEST KE, JABLONSKI MR, WARFIELD B, et al. Blue light from light-emitting diodes elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in humans[J]. J Appl Physiol(1985), 2011,110(3):619-626.DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.01413.2009.
[31]BRAINARD GC, HANIFIN JP, WARFIELD B, et al. Short-wavelength enrichment of polychromatic light enhances human melatonin suppression potency[J]. J Pineal Res, 2015,58(3):352-361. DOI:10.1111/jpi.12221.
[32]WANG C, LUTES LK, BARNOUD C, et al. The circadian immune system[J]. Sci Immunol, 2022,7(72):eabm2465. DOI:10.1126/sciimmunol.abm2465.
[33]OKLEJEWICZ M, DESTICI E, TAMANINI F, et al. Phase resetting of the mammalian circadian clock by DNA damage[J]. Curr Biol:CB,2008,18(4):286-291. DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.047.
[34]DA SILVEIRA WA, FAZELINIA H, ROSENTHAL SB, et al. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis reveals mitochondrial stress as a central biological hub for spaceflight impact[J]. Cell, 2020,183(5):1185-1201. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.002.
[35]POUGET JP, GEORGAKILAS AG, RAVANAT JL. Targeted and off-target(bystander and abscopal)effects of radiation therapy:redox mechanisms and risk/benefit analysis[J]. Antioxid Redox Signal,2018,29(15):1447-1487. DOI:10.1089/ars.2017.7267.
[36]KRITTANAWONG C, SINGH NK, SCHEURING RAA, et al.Human health during space travel:state-of-the-art review[J]. Cells,2023,12(1):40. DOI:10.3390/cells12010040.
[37]吴斌,陈善广.航天员选拔与训练[J].科学,2008,60(6):43-46,4.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0368-6396.2008.06.013.
[38]WU B, WANG Y, WU X, et al. On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures[J]. Mil Med Res, 2018,5(1):17. DOI:10.1186/s40779-018-0165-6.
[39]BARGER LK, FLYNN-EVANS EE, KUBEY A, et al. Prevalence of sleep deficiency and use of hypnotic drugs in astronauts before,during, and after spaceflight:an observational study[J]. Lancet Neurol,2014,13(9):904-912.
[40]MALLIS MM, DEROSHIA CW. Circadian rhythms, sleep, and performance in space[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 2005, 76(6 Suppl):B94-107.
[41]DIJK DJ, NERI DF, WYATT JK, et al. Sleep, performance, circadian rhythms, and light-dark cycles during two space shuttle flights[J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2001,281(5):R1647-R1664.DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.R1647.
[42]GEMIGNANI A, PIARULLI A, MENICUCCI D, et al. How stressful are 105 days of isolation? Sleep EEG patterns and tonic cortisol in healthy volunteers simulating manned flight to mars[J]. Int J Psychophysiol,2014,93(2):211-219. DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.04.008.
[43]MONK TH, KENNEDY KS, ROSE LR, et al. Decreased human circadian pacemaker influence after 100 days in space:a case study[J].Psychosom Med, 2001, 63(6):881-885. DOI:10.1097/00006842-200111000-00005.
[44]SIMONE L, BARTOLOMUCCI A, PALANZA P, et al. On-ground housing in“mice drawer system”(MDS)cage affects locomotor behaviour but not anxiety in male mice[J]. Acta Astronautica,2008,62(6-7):453-461. DOI:10.1016/j. actaastro.2007.12.003.
[45]ELLIOTT ANN R, SHEA SA, DIJK DJ, et al. Microgravity reduces sleep-disordered breathing in humans[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2001,164(3):478-485. DOI:10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2010081.
[46]BIGLEY AB, AGHA NH, BAKER FL, et al. NK cell function is impaired during long-duration spaceflight[J]. J Appl Physiol(1985),2019,126(4):842-853. DOI:10.1152/japplphysiol.00761.2018.
[47]NGUYEN KD, FENTRESS SJ, QIU Y, et al. Circadian gene Bmal1regulates diurnal oscillations of Ly6C(hi)inflammatory monocytes[J].Science, 2013,341(6153):1483-1488. DOI:10.1126/science.1240636.
[48]DING J, CHEN P, QI C. Circadian rhythm regulation in the immune system[J]. Immunology, 2024,171(4):525-533. DOI:10.1111/imm.13747.
[49]TORRES-RUIZ J, SULLI A, CUTOLO M, et al. Air travel, circadian rhythms/hormones, and autoimmunity[J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2017,53(1):117-125. DOI:10.1007/s12016-017-8599-2.
[50]CRUCIAN B, STOWE R, MEHTA S, et al. Immune system dysregulation occurs during short duration spaceflight on board the space shuttle[J]. J Clin Immunol, 2013,33(2):456-465. DOI:10.1007/s10875-012-9824-7.
[51]PIERSON DL, STOWE RP, PHILLIPS TM, et al. Epstein-barr virus shedding by astronauts during space flight[J]. Brain Behav Immun,2005,19(3):235-242. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.08.001.
[52]ROONEY BV, CRUCIAN BE, PIERSON DL, et al. Herpes virus reactivation in astronauts during spaceflight and its application on earth[J].Front Microbiol, 2019,10:16. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00016.
[53]MEHTA SK, CRUCIAN BE, STOWE RP, et al. Reactivation of latent viruses is associated with increased plasma cytokines in astronauts[J].Cytokine, 2013,61(1):205-209. DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.09.019.
[54]ZHOU Y, NI H, LI M, et al. Effect of solar particle event radiation and hindlimb suspension on gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune activation[J]. PLoS ONE, 2012,7(9):e44329. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0044329.
[55]MAJDE JA, KRUEGER JM. Links between the innate immune system and sleep[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2005,116(6):1188-1198. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.005.
[56]SPIEGEL K, SHERIDAN JF, VAN CAUTER E. Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization[J]. JAMA, 2002,288(12):1471-1472.DOI:10.1001/jama.288.12.1471-a.
[57]LANGE T, PERRAS B, FEHM HL, et al. Sleep enhances the human antibody response to hepatitis a vaccination[J]. Psychosom Med,2003,65(5):831-835. DOI:10.1097/01.psy.0000091382.61178.f1.
[58]SCHEER FA, HILTON MF, MANTZOROS CS, et al. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009,106(11):4453-4458. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0808180106.
[59]KIM TW, JEONG JH, HONG SC. The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism[J]. Int J Endocrinol,2015,2015:591729. DOI:10.1155/2015/591729.
[60]HAN H, DOU J, HOU Q, et al. Role of circadian rhythm and impact of circadian rhythm disturbance on the metabolism and disease[J].J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2022,79(3):254. DOI:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001178.
[61]SPIEGEL K, LEPROULT R, CAUTER EV. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function[J]. Lancet, 1999,354(9188):1435-1439.DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8.
[62]LEACH C, RAMBAUT P. Biochemical responses of the Skylab crewmen:an overview[A]. Skylab, 1977. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770026859.
[63]STEIN TP, SCHULTER MD, BODEN G. Development of insulin resistance by astronauts during spaceflight[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1994,65(12):1091-1096.
[64]HUGHSON RL, ROBERTSON AD, ARBEILLE P, et al. Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts[J]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2016,310(5):H628-638. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.00802.2015.
[65]SHIRAISHI M, KAMO T, KAMEGAI M, et al. Periodic structures and diurnal variation in blood pressure and heart rate in relation to microgravity on space station MIR[J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2004,58:S31-S34. DOI:10.1016/s0753-3322(04)80006-4.
[66]TURTON MB, DEEGAN T. Circadian variations of plasma catecholamine, cortisol and immunoreactive insulin concentrations in supine subjects[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 1974,55(3):389-397. DOI:10.1016/0009-8981(74)90014-x.
[67]ANGLETON P, CHANDLER WL, SCHMER G. Diurnal variation of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its rapid inhibitor(PAI-1)[J].Circulation, 1989,79(1):101-106. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.79.1.101.
[68]KAREMAKER JM, BERECKI-GISOLF J. 24-h blood pressure in space:the dark side of being an astronaut[J]. Respir Physiol Neurobiol,2009,169 Suppl 1:S55-58. DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2009.05.006.
[69]LIU Z, WAN Y, ZHANG L, et al. Alterations in the heart rate and activity rhythms of three orbital astronauts on a space mission[J].Life Sci Space Res(Amst), 2015,4:62-66. DOI:10.1016/j.lssr.2015.01.001.
[70]HAN H, JIA H, WANG YF, et al. Cardiovascular adaptations and pathological changes induced by spaceflight:from cellular mechanisms to organ-level impacts[J]. Mil Med Res, 2024,11(1):68. DOI:10.1186/s40779-024-00570-3.
[71]LEE AG, MADER TH, GIBSON CR, et al. Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome(SANS)and the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of microgravity:a review and an update[J]. NPJ microgravity, 2020,6:7. DOI:10.1186/s40779-024-00570-3.
[72]KENT ST, KABAGAMBE EK, WADLEY VG, et al. The relationship between long-term sunlight radiation and cognitive decline in the regards cohort study[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2014,58(3):361-370. DOI:10.1007/s00484-013-0631-5.
[73]WU X, LI D, LIU J, et al. Dammarane sapogenins ameliorates neurocognitive functional impairment induced by simulated long-duration spaceflight[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2017,8:315. DOI:10.3389/fphar.2017.00315.
[74]肖毅,陈晓萍,许潇丹,等.空间脑科学研究的回顾与展望[J].中国科学:生命科学, 2024,54(2):325-337. DOI:10.1360/ssv-2022-0196.
[75]Chand SP. Comorbid insomnia and cognitive behavior therapy[J]. Int J Psychiatry Med, 2015,50(4):412-421. DOI:10.1177/0091217415612737.
[76]刘艳骄，刘征宇，陈武山.航天环境中的睡眠与睡眠障碍[J].世界睡眠医学杂志,2022,9(08):1571-1574. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-7130.2022.08.061.
[77]MANZEY D, LORENZ B, SCHIEWE A, et al. Behavioral aspects of human adaptation to space:analyses of cognitive and psychomotor performance in space during an 8-day space mission[J]. Clin Investig,1993,71(9):725-731. DOI:10.1007/BF00209727.
[78]NDAY CM, FRANTZIDIS C, JACKSON G, et al. Neurophysiological changes in simulated microgravity:an animal model[J]. Neurol India, 2019,67(Supplement):S221-S226. DOI:10.4103/0028-3886.259128.
[79]ALBORNOZ-MIRANDA M, PARRAO D, TAVERNE M. Sleep disruption, use of sleep-promoting medication and circadian desynchronization in spaceflight crewmembers:evidence in low-earth orbit and concerns for future deep-space exploration missions[J].Sleep Med X, 2023,6:100080. DOI:10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100080.
[80]SLETTEN TL, SULLIVAN JP, ARENDT J, et al. The role of circadian phase in sleep and performance during antarctic winter expeditions[J].J Pineal Res, 2022,73(2):e12817. DOI:10.1111/jpi.12817.
[81]PUTCHA L, BERENS KL, MARSHBURN TH, et al. Pharmaceutical use by U.S. astronauts on space shuttle missions[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med, 1999,70(7):705-708.
[82]ALBREIKI MS, MIDDLETON B, HAMPTON SM. The effect of melatonin on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles after a late evening meal in healthy young males[J]. J Pineal Res,2021,71(4):e12770. DOI:10.1111/jpi.12770.
[83]PUTCHA L, NIMMAGUDDA R, RIVERA C. Assessment of sleep dynamics in a simulated space station environment[J/OL].[2025-04-13]. https://jeffreydachmd.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Salivary-Melatonin-NASA-AStronauts-Sleep-Study.pdf.
[84]ZEITZER JM, DIJK DJ, KRONAUER R, et al. Sensitivityof the human circadian pacemaker to nocturnal light:melatonin phase resetting and suppression[J]. J Physiol, 2000,526(Pt 3):695-702.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00695.x.
[85]DILAURA D, HOUSER K, MISTRICK R, et al. The Lighting Handbook(Tenth Edition)[M]. Illuminating Engineering Society, 2011.
[86]HIRAYAMA J, HATTORI A, TAKAHASHI A, et al. Physiological consequences of space flight, including abnormal bone metabolism,space radiation injury, and circadian clock dysregulation:implications of melatonin use and regulation as a countermeasure[J]. J Pineal Res,2023,74(1):e12834. DOI:10.1111/jpi.12834.
[87]Brainard Gc, Coyle W, Ayers M, et al. Solid-state lighting for the international space station:tests of visual performance and melatonin regulation[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2013,92(1):21-28. DOI:10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.019.
[88]BRAINARD GC, BARGER LK, SOLER RR, et al. The development of lighting countermeasures for sleep disruption and circadian misalignment during spaceflight[J]. Curr Opin Pulm Med, 2016,22(6):535-544. DOI:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000329.
[89]COGSWELL D, BISESI P, MARKWALD RR, et al. Identification of a preliminary plasma metabolome-based biomarker for circadian phase in humans[J]. J Biol Rhythms, 2021,36(4):369-383. DOI:10.1177/07487304211025402.
[90]LANE HW, FEEBACK DL. History of nutrition in space flight:overview[J]. Nutrition, 2002,18(10):797-804. DOI:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00946-2.
[91]吴雪芬，郑雪娜，郭鑫，等.针灸干预HPA轴相关激素改善睡眠的研究进展[J].针灸临床杂志,2017,33(8):69-71. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0779.2017.08.020.
[92]任虎君，耿捷，袁明，等.振动锻炼和太空养心丸对60 d头低位卧床脑血流的影响[J].中华航空航天医学杂志, 2009,20(1):1-5.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-6239.2009.01.001.
[93]WU F, DU H, OVERBEY E, et al. Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight[J]. Nat Commun, 2024,15(1):4795. DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-42013-y.
[94]HAN X, QU L, YU M, et al. Thiamine-modified metabolic reprogramming of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte under space microgravity[J]. Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024,9(1):86. DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-01791-7.
[95]OMEIZA NA, ABDULRAHIM HA, ALAGBONSI AI, et al. Melatonin salvages lead-induced neuro-cognitive shutdown, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms via oxido-inflammatory and cholinergic mechanisms[J]. Brain Behav, 2021,11(8). DOI:10.1002/brb3.2227.
[96]FURUKAWA S, NAGAMATSU A, NENOI M, et al. Space radiation biology for“living in space”[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2020,2020:4703286. DOI:10.1155/2020/4703286.
[97]SALOTTI JM, HEIDMANN R. Roadmap to a human mars mission[J].Acta Astronautica, 2014,104(2):558-564. DOI:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.06.038.
[98]THRONSON H, BAKER J, BEATY D, et al. Continuing to build a community consensus on the future of human space flight:report of the fourth community workshop on achievability and sustainability of human exploration of mars(AM IV)[R/OL].[2025-04-15]. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Continuing-to-Build-a-Community-Consensus-on-the-of-Thronson-Baker/ecc03cac5d792858c0cd-8d21abea0cbfbae0c744.
[99]DRAKE BG, HOFFMAN SJ, BEATY DW. Human exploration of mars, design reference architecture 5.0[C]. 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2010. DOI:10.1109/AERO.2010.5446736.
[100]ZHOU B, ZHANG Y, ZHANG F, et al. CLOCK/BMAL1 regulates circadian change of mouse hepatic insulin sensitivity by SIRT1[J].Hepatology, 2014,59(6):2196-2206. DOI:10.1002/hep.26992.
[101]NAKAHATA Y, KALUZOVA M, GRIMALDI B, et al. The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 modulates CLOCK-mediated chromatin remodeling and circadian control[J]. Cell, 2008,134(2):329-340. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.002.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.01018
中图分类号:R852
引用信息:
[1]江晓羽,柳欣,马文雪,等.航天飞行中的昼夜节律调节：挑战与对策[J].航天医学与医学工程,2026,37(01):105-112.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.01018.
2025-09-02
2025
2025-10-22
2025
2025-09-29
1
2026-02-25
2026-02-25