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工效学的理念已经应用于各个领域，人因工程作为一个交叉学科，从诞生就成为医疗健康领域的重要研究课题。手术器械和植入器械引入人因工程的理论方法可有效提高手术成功率，减少医疗失误风险，保障医生舒适度和患者安全。本文围绕普通外科、骨科、口腔科、医疗美容中手术器械和植入物的工效学展开综述，发现当前针对植入器械设计的工效学研究缺乏全面系统的总结。基于此，本文引入内置假体的人机系统概念，阐述了“人体-假体-内外环境”交互系统、“医生-工程师-患者”任务分工及其与现代技术和多学科方法论的融合，这是未来植入器械开发与工效学设计的发展趋势。基于手术（surgery）-植入物（implants）-患者（patients）的S.I.P.工效学理念和人因学研究方法对医疗植入器械的开发与设计将发挥重要作用，推动器械从“能用”向“好用”，再向“易用”转变。
Abstract：The principles of ergonomics have been applied across various fields. As an interdisciplinary science, human factors engineering(HFE) has emerged as a critical research focus in healthcare. Integrating HFE theories and methodologies into the design of surgical and implantable devices can significantly enhance surgical success rates, reduce medical errors, and improve clinician comfort and patient safety. This paper reviews the ergonomics of surgical devices and implants in general surgery, orthopedics, stomatology, and medical aesthetics, and identifies a lack of comprehensive and systematic summaries of ergonomic research on the design of implantable devices. On this basis, this paper introduces the concept of man–machine system(MMS) for internal prostheses, elaborating on the "human body–prosthesis–internal/external environment" interaction system, the "surgeon–engineer–patient" task allocation, and their integration with modern technologies and multidisciplinary methodologies, which represents the development trend for future implantable device development and ergonomic design. The S.I.P.(Surgery-Implants-Patients) ergonomic concept and HFE research methods will play pivotal roles in advancing the development and design of medical implantable devices, driving the evolution of instruments from merely “usable” to “user-friendly” and ultimately “easy to use”.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03014
中图分类号:TH77;R857.1;TB18
引用信息:
[1]李卓轩,李曾,张超,等.手术与植入器械人因工效学应用研究进展[J].航天医学与医学工程,2026,37(03):310-316.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03014.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（12502382）; 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2024A1515012406）
2025-07-08
2025
2025-12-31
2026-01-09
2026
1
2026-06-25
2026-06-25