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目的 太空环境物质稀缺，月球/火星探测等深空探测任务对物质资源闭环再生提出了迫切需求。固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)可在高温条件下将水和CO2共电解转化为O2与合成气(H2和CO)，为载人航天原位资源利用提供了高效解决方案，也已成为航天与能源领域交叉研究的热点。方法 本文采用多物理场耦合方法，构建了包含流体力学、电化学、传热传质的三维数值模型，研究不同温度、进气配比(H_2O/CO2)等关键操作参数对SOEC共电解过程的影响规律，获得了不同工况下的电化学极化曲线以及产物组分变化情况，同时讨论了电极长宽比对电解池性能的影响。结果 升温可有效提高电解性能，且随着电压的提升，电解性能提升幅度逐渐增大；调节H_2O/CO2进气比例可使H2/CO输出比在0.5～2.0范围内被有效控制；而在保持电极面积不变的情况下，改变电极长宽比可对合成气产率造成显著影响，长宽比越大，产物产率越高。结论 本研究揭示了SOEC共电解性能的多参数调控机制：工作温度主导反应动力学与产物选择性，调节进气比例，可实现对合成气组分比例的控制，而电极几何结构则通过传质过程影响整体转化效率。这些发现为优化载人航天原位资源利用系统中SOEC的结构设计与工况匹配提供了关键数值依据。
Abstract：Objective Space environments are characterized by scarce material resources, and deep-space exploration missions such as Lunar and Martian exploration have urgent demands for the closed-loop regeneration of material resources. Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC), capable of co-electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and syngas(H2 and CO) at high temperatures, providing a highly efficient solution for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU) in human spaceflight and emerging as a research hotspot at the intersection of the aerospace and energy fields. Methods In this study, a multi-physics coupling approach was used to establish a three-dimensional numerical model including fluid mechanics, electrochemistry, and heat and mass transfer. The influence of key operational parameters, such as temperature and inlet gas composition(H_2O/CO2 ratio), on the co-electrolysis performance of SOEC was investigated. Polarization curves under various operating conditions and changes in product composition were obtained. Furthermore, the influence of electrode aspect ratio on SOEC performance was also discussed. Results Elevated temperature could significantly enhance electrolysis performance, with the improvement becoming more pronounced at higher applied voltages. Adjusting the H_2O/CO2 inlet ratio enables precise control of the H2/CO output ratio within a range of 0.5 to 2.0. Furthermore, altering the electrode aspect ratio while maintaining a constant electrode area exerts a remarkable impact on syngas production rate, with a higher aspect ratio corresponding to a greater product yield. Conclusion This study reveals a multiparameter regulatory mechanism underlying SOEC co-electrolysis performance: the operating temperature governs reaction kinetics and product selectivity, adjusting the inlet gas ratio enables precise control of the syngas composition ratio, and electrode geometry influences the overall conversion efficiency through mass transport processes. These findings provide a critical quantitative basis for optimizing the structural design and operating condition matching of SOECs in the ISRU systems for human spaceflight.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03002
中图分类号:V442
引用信息:
[1]万量天,姜雨含,王双峰.固体氧化物电解池共电解反应调控机理研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2026,37(03):233-240.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目（2025YFF0511800-03）
2026-01-21
2026
2026-03-18
2026-03-19
2026
1
2026-06-25
2026-06-25