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目的 探讨飞行员时型（晨型、中间型、夜型）与任务时间（上午、下午、晚间）的匹配度对飞行员警觉性的影响。方法 采用2（时型：晨型、非晨型）×2（实验时间：上午、非上午）的组间实验设计，所有受试者均需完成包含3个飞行场景的模拟飞行任务，通过比较模拟飞行任务前后的警觉性指标变化来评估时型与任务时间对飞行员警觉性的影响。通过晨型-夜型问卷对30名男性飞行员的时型进行分类，并在相应时间实施模拟飞行任务。结果 虽然飞行员模拟任务前后的主观嗜睡程度——卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表评分无显著变化，但精神行为警觉测验（PVT）准确操作次数显著下降，PVT操作最快10%平均反应时间显著延长。此外，时型与实验时间对经Box-Cox变换以满足正态性假设的PVT衍生的警觉性指数的相对变化以及PVT准确操作次数的相对变化存在显著交互作用。结论 时型与任务时间不匹配会影响持续性注意，这种“隐性损耗”难以被主观感受与常规生理监测捕捉。本研究为构建个性化的排班与风险管理方案提供了理论基础。
Abstract：Objective To investigate the effect of the degree of alignment between pilots' chronotype(morning type, intermediate type, evening type) and time of day(morning, afternoon, evening) on their alertness. Methods A 2(chronotype: morning type vs. non-morning type) × 2(test time: morning vs. non-morning) between-subjects experimental design was employed. All participants completed a simulated flight task consisting of three flight scenarios. Changes in alertness indicators before and after the simulated flight task were compared to evaluate the effects of chronotype and time of day on pilot alertness. 30 male pilots were categorized into chronotypes using the morningness-eveningness questionnaire(MEQ) and performed the simulated flight task at the assigned time. Results Although subjective sleepiness measured by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale(KSS) showed no significant change before and after the simulated task, the number of correct responses on the psychomotor vigilance test(PVT) decreased significantly, and the mean response time of the fastest 10% of PVT responses increased significantly. Moreover, significant interaction effects between chronotype and test time were found on the relative change in a PVT-derived alertness indicators(Box-Cox transformed to meet the normality assumption) and on the relative change in the number of correct PVT responses. Conclusion The mismatch between chronotype and time of day impairs sustained attention, and this “covert impairment” is difficult to capture through subjective perception or routine physiological monitoring. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing personalized scheduling and risk management programs.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03003
中图分类号:R852
引用信息:
[1]汪磊,钟楚堤,廖云龙.时型与任务时间对飞行员警觉性的影响研究[J].航天医学与医学工程,2026,37(03):241-247.DOI:10.16289/j.cnki.1002-0837.2026.03003.
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