航天医学与医学工程

目的 观察模拟失重环境对性成熟期雄性大鼠性激素的影响以及中药的干预效果，为宇航员的生殖健康研究提供数据支持。方法 将48只性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、实验组、养阴组和温阳组，除对照组外，其余3组大鼠尾悬吊28 d模拟失重环境。养阴组和温阳组分别给予养阴中药和温阳中药灌胃治疗28 d，实验组给予等量生理盐水灌胃28 d。记录睾丸质量，通过HE染色观察大鼠睾丸组织病理学变化，采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠外周血性激素水平。结果 与对照组比较，悬吊4周后实验组、养阴组和温阳组大鼠的睾丸质量均显著下降（均P<0.01）；与实验组比较，养阴组和温阳组大鼠的睾丸质量呈升高趋势，但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。HE染色结果表明对照组大鼠睾丸形态结构正常，实验组大鼠睾丸组织出现萎缩或极度萎缩改变，养阴组及温阳组大鼠睾丸形态均出现不同程度的损伤，但损伤程度轻于实验组。实验组大鼠外周血中黄体生成素、前列腺素E、促性腺激素释放激素的含量与对照组比较呈降低趋势，但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。与实验组相比，养阴组大鼠外周血中黄体生成素与睾酮水平升高（均P<0.01），卵泡刺激素含量明显降低（P<0.05）,PGE和GnRH含量呈降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；温阳组大鼠外周血中黄体生成素含量与实验组比较明显升高（P<0.01），促性腺激素释放激素、睾酮、前列腺素E和卵泡刺激素含量与实验组比较，差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 养阴和温阳类中药虽不能明显改善模拟失重环境引起的大鼠睾丸萎缩，但能减轻大鼠睾丸病理损伤程度，养阴类中药可能通过调节性激素的表达减轻这种生殖损伤。

Objective To observe the effects of microgravity environment on sex hormones in sexually mature male rats and the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with the purpose of providing a data reference for research on astronauts' reproductive health. Methods 48 healthy sexually mature male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, experimental group, Yin-nourishing group and Yang-warming group. Except for the control group, rats in the other three groups underwent tail suspension for 28 days to simulate microgravity. The Yin-nourishing and Yang-warming groups received daily oral administration of corresponding TCM decoctions for 28 days, while the experimental group received an equal volume of normal saline. Testicular mass was recorded, histopathological changes in testicular tissue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining, and serum levels of sex hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, testicular mass was significantly reduced in the experimental, Yin-nourishing and Yang-warming groups after 4 weeks of suspension(all P<0.01). Compared with the experimental group, testicular mass showed a tendency to increase in Yin-nourishing and Yang-warming groups, but the differences were not statistically significant(all P >0.05). HE staining revealed normal testicular architecture in the control group, while marked or severe atrophy were observed in the experimental group. Both the Yin-nourishing group and Yangwarming group showed varying degrees of structural damage, yet less severe than those in the experimental group. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH), prostaglandin E(PGE), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) in the experimental group showed a downward trend compared with the control group, but without statistical significance(all P >0.05). Compared with the experimental group, the Yin-nourishing group showed significantly increased serum levels of LH and testosterone(all P<0.01), significantly decreased follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)(P<0.05), and a non-significant trend toward reduced PGE and GnRH(all P >0.05). The Yang-warming group showed a significant increase in LH levels compared with the experimental group(P<0.01), while no significant differences were found in GnRH, testosterone, PGE and FSH levels(all P >0.05). Conclusion Although Yin-nourishing and Yang-warming TCM interventions did not significantly reverse testicular atrophy induced by simulated microgravity, they can mitigated the extent of histopathological damage. Yin-nourishing TCM may alleviate such reproductive injury by modulating the expression of sex hormones.